22X˜\tilde{X}XXX¯\overline{X}4433VV(p,q)(p,q)SL 2(R)×Orth(V R)SL_2(R) \times Orth(V_R)𝒮(V R)\mathcal{S}(V_R)V RV_RG=SO 0(V R)G = \SO_0(V_R)KK𝔤\mathfrak{g}𝔨\mathfrak{k}𝔤=𝔭⊕𝔨\mathfrak{g} = \mathfrak{p} \oplus \mathfrak{k}GG𝒮(V)\mathcal{S}(V)φ\varphirrφ˜\tilde{\varphi}D=G/KD= G/Kpqpq𝒮(V)\mathcal{S}(V)ℒ\mathcal{L}VVΘ=Θ ℒ\Theta=\Theta_{\mathcal{L}}Θ=∑ ℓ∈ℒδ ℓ\Theta = \sum_{\ell \in \mathcal{L}} \delta_{\ell}ℓ\ellΘ\ThetaG=Stab(ℒ)⊂G\G = \Stab(\mathcal{L}) \subset GΓ′\Gamma'SL(2,Z)SL(2,\Z)Θ\ThetaΓ′\Gamma'φ˜\tilde{\varphi}rrθ φ\theta_{\varphi}X=Γ\DX = \Gamma \backslash Dφ\varphikkSO(2)⊂SL 2(R)\SO(2) \subset SL_2(R)θ φ\theta_{\varphi}h\hkkG′\G'θ φ\theta_{\varphi}ff(pq−r)(pq-r)η\etarrCCXXffη\etaCCφ\varphiφ q V\varphi^V_{q}(𝒮(V)⊗∧ q𝔭 *) K(\mathcal{S}(V) \otimes \wedge^q \mathfrak{p}^{\ast})^K(p+q)/2(p+q)/2SL 2SL_2XXSO(3,2)\SO(3,2)SO(p,q)\SO(p,q)p+qUnknown character6p+q>6p≥qp \geq qφ q V\varphi_q^VH q(X)H^q(X)φ q V\varphi^V_{q}VV(2,2)(2,2)Q\Q11D≃h×hD \simeq \h \times \hXXX¯\overline{X}XXPPe′(P)e'(P)33X¯\overline{X}44XX∂X¯=e′(P)\partial \overline{X} = e'(P)k:∂X¯↪X¯k: \partial \overline{X} \hookrightarrow \overline{X}C nC_nC nC_nXXT nT_nX˜\tilde{X}n∈Nn \in \NH 2(X,∂X,Q)H_2(X, \partial X,\Q)φ 2 V\varphi^V_{2}CCXX22C nC_nq=e 2πiτq = e^{2\pi i \tau}τ∈h\tau \in \hθ φ 2 V\theta_{\varphi^V_{2}}22X{X}H c 2(X)H^2_c(X)θ φ 2 V\theta_{\varphi^V_{2}}XXX¯\overline{X}k *k^{\ast}θ φ 2 V\theta_{\varphi^V_{2}}∂X¯\partial \overline{X}∂X¯\partial\overline{X}θ ϕ 1 W\theta_{\phi_1^W}WW(1,1)(1,1)2211∂X¯\partial \overline{X}θ ϕ 1 W\theta_{\phi_1^W}k *θ φ 2 Vk^{\ast} \theta_{\varphi^V_{2}}k:∂X¯↪X¯k: \partial \overline{X} \hookrightarrow \overline{X}[θ φ 2 V,θ ϕ 1 W][\theta_{\varphi^V_{2}}, \theta_{\phi_1^W}]H c 2(X)H^2_c(X)CCX¯\overline{X}H 2(X,∂X,Z)H_2({X},\partial {X},\Z)[θ φ 2 V,θ ϕ 1 W][\theta_{\varphi^V_{2}}, \theta_{\phi_1^W}]CCC nC_n∂X¯\partial \overline{X}C nC_n∂X¯\partial \overline{X}22A nA_n∂X¯\partial \overline{X}C nC_n∂X¯\partial \overline{X}C nC_nA nA_nC n cC_n^cX¯\overline{X}H 2(X,Q)H_2({X},\Q)CCX¯\overline{X}22C n cC^c_n22X¯\overline{X}H 2(X)H^2(X)H 2(X,∂X)H_2({X}, \partial {X})H 2(X)H^2(X)Orth(p,q)Orth(p,q)θ φ q V\theta_{\varphi^V_{q}}33θ ϕ 1 W\theta_{\phi_1^W}11aabb33MMaabbMMAA22MMaacc11∂X¯\partial \overline{X}∂C n\partial C_n22∫ cθ ϕ 1 W\int_c \theta_{\phi_1^W}∑ nUnknown character0Lk(∂C n,c)q n\sum_{n>0}\Lk(\partial C_n,c) q^n33MM∑ nUnknown character0Lk(∂C n,c)q n\sum_{n>0}\Lk(\partial C_n,c) q^n223/23/2j:X↪X˜j:X \hookrightarrow \tilde{X}T nT_nXXC nC_nX˜\tilde{X}T n cT_n^cT nT_nH 2(X˜,Q)H_2(\tilde{X},\Q)X˜\tilde{X}∑ n≥0[T n c]q n\sum_{n \geq 0} [T_n^c] q^n22H 2(X˜,Q)H_2(\tilde{X},\Q)j *C n c=T n cj_{\ast} C_n^c = T_n^cX˜\tilde{X}T n cT^c_nT mT_m22FFT n c⋅T mT_n^c \cdot T_mT n c⋅T m=(T n⋅T m) X+(T n⋅T m) ∞T_n^c \cdot T_m = (T_n \cdot T_m)_X + ({T}_n \cdot {T}_m)_{\infty}T nT_nT mT_mXX(T n⋅T m) ∞({T}_n \cdot {T}_m)_{\infty}∑ n=0 ∞(T n⋅T m) Xq n\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} (T_n \cdot T_m)_X q^n∑ n=0 ∞(T n⋅T m) ∞q n\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} (T_n \cdot T_m)_{\infty} q^nF XF_XF ∞F_{\infty}F(τ)F(\tau)C=C mC=C_m(T n⋅T m) X(T_n \cdot T_m)_XF XF_XF ∞F_{\infty}∂X¯\partial \overline{X}θ ϕ 1 W\theta_{\phi_1^W}θ ϕ 1 W\theta_{\phi_1^W}φ 2 V\varphi^V_2nnθ φ 2 V\theta_{\varphi^V_{2}}C nC_nφ 2 V\varphi^V_2C nC_nΞ(n)\Xi(n)C nC_nΞ(n)\Xi(n)T n cT_n^cX˜\tilde{X}Ξ(n)\Xi(n)VV44(,)(\,,\,)(2,2)(2,2)G̲=SO(V)\underline{G} = \SO(V)Q\QG=G̲ 0(R)≃SO 0(2,2)G=\underline{G}_0(R) \simeq \SO_0(2,2)G̲\underline{G}D=D VD= D_V22V(R)V(R)(,)(\,,\,)dimz=2\dim z =2(,)| z<0(\,,\,)|_z < 0{e 1,e 2,e 3,e 4}\{e_1,e_2,e_3,e_4\}V RV_{R}(e 1,e 1)=(e 2,e 2)=1(e_1,e_1)=(e_2,e_2)=1(e 3,e 3)=(e 4,e 4)=−1(e_3,e_3)=(e_4,e_4)=-1xxx ix_iDDz 0=[e 3,e 4]z_0=[e_3,e_4]e 3e_3e 4e_4K≃SO(2)×SO(2)K \simeq \SO(2)\times \SO(2)GGz 0z_0D≃G/KD \simeq G/KD≃H×hD \simeq \H \times \hP̲\underline{P}ℓ\ellP=P̲ 0(R)P= \underline{P}_0(R)N̲\underline{N}N=N̲(R)N = \underline{N}(R)u=(e 1+e 4)/2u =(e_1+e_4)/\sqrt{2}u′=(e 1−e 4)/2u' =(e_1-e_4)/\sqrt{2}(u,u′)=1(u,u')=1u,u′u,u'Q\Qℓ=Qu\ell = \Q uℓ′=Qu′\ell'=\Q u'W=ℓ ⊥∩ℓ′ ⊥W = \ell^{\perp} \cap {\ell'}^{\perp}W R=Span R(e 2,e 3)W_{R} = \Span_{R}(e_2,e_3)u′u'P̲\underline{P}u,e 2,e 3,u′u,e_2,e_3,u'N≃W RN \simeq W_{R}DDz=z(t,s,w)z=z(t,s,w)zzV RV_{R}z=[n(w)a(t)m(s)e 3,n(w)a(t)m(s)e 4]z=[n(w)a(t)m(s)e_3,n(w)a(t)m(s)e_4]MMu 2,u 2′u_2,u_2'W RW_{R}m(s)=m′(e s)m(s) = m'(e^s)M≃SO 0(W R)M \simeq \SO_0(W_{R})𝔫,𝔞,𝔪\frak{n},\frak{a},\frak{m}PPω αμ\omega_{\alpha\mu}σ:𝔫𝔞𝔪→𝔤→𝔤/𝔨≃𝔭\sigma: \frak{n}\frak{a}\frak{m} \to \frak{g} \to \frak{g}/\frak{k} \simeq \frak{p}W RW_{R}w=wu 2+w′u 2′w= wu_2+w'u_2'D≃h×hD \simeq \h \times \hV R≃M 2(R)V_{R} \simeq M_2(R)u=kzxz1000u = \kzxz{1}{0}{0}{0}u′=kzxz0001u' = \kzxz{0}{0}{0}{1}q(x)=(x,x)/2q(x) = (x,x)/2q(x)=det(x)q(x) = \det(x)e 2=12kzxz01−10e_2= \tfrac1{\sqrt{2}}\kzxz{0}{1}{-1}{0}e 3=12kzxz0110e_3= \tfrac1{\sqrt{2}}\kzxz{0}{1}{1}{0}SL 2(R)×SL 2(R)SL_2(R) \times SL_2(R)M 2(R)M_2(R)(g 1,g 2)x=g 1xtg 2(g_1,g_2)x = g_1x\, {^{t}g_2}Spin(2,2)≃SL 2R×SL 2(R)\Spin(2,2) \simeq SL_2{R} \times SL_2(R)D≃h×hD \simeq \h \times \h(z 1,z 2)=(x 1+iy 1,x 2+iy 2)∈h×h(z_1,z_2)= (x_1+iy_1,x_2+iy_2) \in \h \times \hLLVVNNL⊆L #L \subseteq L^{\#}(x,x)∈2Z(x,x) \in 2 \Zx∈Lx \in Lq(L #)Z=1NZq(L^{\#}) \Z = \tfrac1{N}\Zh∈L #h \in L^{\#}Γ⊆StabL\Gamma \subseteq \Stab{L}ℒ:=L+h\mathcal{L}:=L+hGGℓ=Qu\ell =\Q uuuLLVVQ\QG̲\underline{G}11VVQ\QdUnknown character0d>0K=Q(d)K = \Q(\sqrt{d})Q\Q𝒪 K\mathcal{O}_Kx↦x′x \mapsto x'KKV⊂M 2(K)V \subset M_2(K)M 2(K)M_2(K)tx′=−x^tx' =-xM 2(K)M_2(K)VV(2,2)(2,2)Q\Q11LLddSL 2(K)SL_2(K)SL 2R×SL 2(R)SL_2{R} \times SL_2(R)g↦(g,g′)g \mapsto (g,g')SL 2(𝒪 K)SL_2(\mathcal{O}_K)LLg.x=gxtg′\g.x = \g x{^t\g'}d≡1(mod4)d \equiv 1 \pmod{4}XXXXQ\QXXYYXXYYYYΦ\PhiXXΦ\PhiYYXXΦ\PhiYYPPG P=G∩P\G_P = \G \cap PG N=G P∩N\G_N = \G_P \cap NG P/G N\G_P/\G_NP̲/N̲\underline{P}/\underline{N}P̲/N̲\underline{P}/\underline{N}G P/G N\G_P/\G_N11ℓ ⊥/ℓ\ell^{\perp}/\ell(1,1)(1,1)G P/G N≃Z\G_P/\G_N \simeq \Zg∈G Pg \in \G_Pg¯\bar{g}G P/G N\G_P/\G_NggMMggG M:=G P∩M\G_M :=\G_P \cap MP=NAMP = NAMD¯\overline{D}DDP̲\underline{P}P=NAMP=NAMD W≃M≃RD_W \simeq M \simeq RWWD¯\overline{D}P̲\underline{P}G\GDDD¯\overline{D}X=GbackDX = \G \back DX¯\overline{X}[P̲][\underline{P}]G\GX W:=G MbackD WX_W := \G_M \back D_We′(P)e'(P)T 2T^2G NbackN\G_N \back Nκ:e′(P)→X W\kappa: e'(P) \to X_We(P)e(P)D¯\overline{D}e′(P)e'(P)X¯\overline{X}[(T,∞]×e′(P)][(T,\infty] \times e'(P)]TTz(t,s,w)z(t,s,w)tUnknown characterTt>Ti:X↪X¯i: X \hookrightarrow \overline{X}X¯\overline{X}XXX′X'XXX¯\overline{X}e′(P)e'(P)X′X'X˜\tilde{X}π:X˜→X′\pi:\tilde{X} \to X'j:X↪X˜j:X \hookrightarrow \tilde{X}X˜\tilde{X}X inX^{in}XXX outX^{out}e′(P)e'(P)X inX^{in}X outX^{out}X in∩X outX^{in} \cap X^{out}Γ N=π 1(T 2)\Gamma_N =\pi_1(T^2)Γ P\Gamma_PH 1(T 2,Q)H_1(T^2,\Q)H 1(e′(P),Q)H_1(e'(P),\Q)a P∈H 1(e′(P),Z)a_P \in H_1(e'(P),\Z)κ:e′(P)→X W\kappa:e'(P) \to X_Wb P∈H 2(e′(P),Z)b_P \in H_2(e'(P),\Z)κ\kappaa Pa_Pb Pb_P11a Pa_Pb Pb_Pa Pa_PH 1(e′(P),Q)H_1(e'(P),\Q)b Pb_Pe′(P)e'(P)a Pa_Pe′(P)e'(P)b Pb_PZ\ZΩ P\Omega_PPP22e′(P)e'(P)b Pb_PT 2T^2H 2(e′(P),Z)H_2(e'(P),\Z)Ω P\Omega_PT 2T^2W R≃NW_{R} \simeq NT 2=G NbackNT^2=\G_N \back N11XXX˜\tilde{X}S PS_{P}PPH 3(X˜)=0H_3(\tilde{X}) =0PPa Pa_PH 1(X out)H_1(X^{out})b Pb_Pb Pb_PX˜\tilde{X}⊕ PH 2(e′(P))→H 2(X)→j *H 2(X)\oplus_P H_2(e'(P)) \to H_2(X) \to j_{\ast} H_2(X)H 2(X˜)H_2(\tilde{X})j #j_{\#}⊕ PH 2(e′(P))→H 2(X)→j *H 2(X)\oplus_P H_2(e'(P)) \to H_2(X) \to j_{\ast} H_2(X)H 2(∂X¯)H_2(\partial \overline{X})j *j_{\ast}XXA c •(X)A_c^{\bullet}(X)XXH c •(X)H_c^{\bullet}(X)XXC •C^{\bullet}i *i^*i:X↪X¯i: X \hookrightarrow \overline{X}C •C^{\bullet}d(a,b)=(da,i *a−db)d(a,b) = (da, i^*a - db)(a,b)(a,b)C •C^{\bullet}[[a,b]][[a,b]]A c •(X)→C •A_c^{\bullet}(X) \to C^{\bullet}c↦(c,0)c \mapsto (c,0)C •C^{\bullet}VV∂X¯\partial \overline{X}π:V→∂X¯\pi:V \to \partial \overline{X}bb∂X¯\partial \overline{X}π *b\pi^{\ast} bfftt11t=∞t=\inftyt≤Tt \leq TTTffVV∂X¯\partial \overline{X}ffVV(a,b)(a,b)C iC^iμ\mu∂X¯\partial \overline{X}[a,b][a,b]H c i(X)H^i_c(X)α\alpha[[a,b]]↦[a,b][[a,b]] \mapsto [a,b][a,b][a,b]η\etaX¯\overline{X}CCX¯\overline{X}⟨[a,b],[η]⟩=∫ X¯a∧η−∫ ∂X¯b∧i *η, and  ⟨[a,b],C⟩=∫ Ca−∫ ∂Cb. \langle[a, b], [\eta]\rangle = \int_{\overline{X}}a\wedge \eta - \int_{\partial \overline{X}} b \wedge i^*\eta, \ \text{and} \ \ \langle [a,b],C \rangle = \int_{C}a - \int_{\partial C} b.x∈Vx \in V(x,x)Unknown character0(x,x)>0D xD_xDDG x⊂G\G_x \subset \GxxC xC_xXXn∈Qn \in \QcalL n={x∈ℒ;12(x,x)=n}\calL_n = \{ x \in \mathcal{L}; \, \tfrac12(x,x)= n\}C nC_nH 2(X,∂X,Z)H_2(X,\partial X,\Z)C x cC_x^cC xC_x∂X¯\partial \overline{X}C¯ x\overline{C}_x∂C x\partial C_xe′(P)e'(P)(x,u)≠0(x,u) \neq 0U ∞U_{\infty}e(P)e(P)D x∩U ∞=∅. D_x \cap U_{\infty} = \emptyset. (x,u)=0(x,u) = 0D¯ x∩e(P)\overline{D}_x \cap e(P)pps(x)s(x)s(x)s(x)RRs(x)s(x)D¯ x∩e(P)\overline{D}_x \cap e(P)WWc x⊂∂C xc_x \subset \partial C_xs(x)s(x)D¯ x∩e(P)\overline{D}_x \cap e(P)e(P)→e′(P)e(P) \to e'(P)11∂C x\partial C_xPPκ:e′(P)→X W\kappa: e'(P) \to X_Wc xc_xc yc_yC¯ n\overline{C}_n∂C n\partial C_ne′(P)e'(P)calL V=calL=L+h\calL_V=\calL = L +hL W,k⊂WL_{W,k} \subset Wh W,k∈L W,k #h_{W,k} \in L^{\#}_{W,k}W≃NW \simeq NG N=N∩G\G_N = N \cap \GΛ W\Lambda_WWWuun(w)x=x+(w,x)un(w) x= x + (w,x)ux∈u ⊥x \in u^{\perp}calL W{\calL}_WΛ W\Lambda_W∂C n∩e′(P)\partial C_n \cap e'(P)min′\min'∂C n,P:=∂C n∩e′(P)\partial C_{n,P} := \partial C_n \cap e'(P)calL n,u={x∈calL∩u ⊥;(x,x)=2n}\calL_{n,u} = \{ x \in \calL \cap u^{\perp};\, (x,x)=2n\}calL n,u\calL_{n,u}∂C n,P\partial C_{n,P}Γ\GammaVV∼ Γ\sim_{\Gamma}G pbackcalL n,u⊂V\G_p \back \calL_{n,u} \subset V[x i]=[x i] P,1≤i≤k[x_i]= [x_i]_P, 1 \leq i \leq kRRR=∐ i=1 k∐ y∈[x i]c y.R = \coprod _{i=1}^k \coprod_{ y \in [x_i]} c_y.(∂C x i) P=∐ y∈[x i]c y(\partial C_{x_i})_P = \coprod_{ y \in [x_i]} c_y11e′(P)e'(P)∂X\partial Xy∈[x i]y \in [x_i]D yD_yC x iC_{x_i}DDe(P)e(P)c yc_yR=∐ ∼ ΓbackcalL n,u∂C x i.R= \coprod_{ \sim_{\Gamma} \back \calL_{n,u}} \partial C_{x_i}.∂C n,P\partial C_{n,P}∐ x∈G Mbackℒ W (x,x)=2n∐ 0≤k<min′ la∈Λ W|(la,x)|x+ku\coprod_{ \substack{x\in \G_M \back \mathcal{L}_W \\ (x,x)=2n}} \coprod_{0 \leq k < \min'_{\la \in \Lambda_W} |(\la,x)|} x+kuG P\G_PcalL n,u\calL_{n,u}c x+kuc_{x+ku}x∈ℒ n,ux \in \mathcal{L}_{n,u}nUnknown character0n>022a xa_xe′(P)e'(P)∂a x=c x\partial a_x = c_x∫ a xΩ P=0\int_{a_x} \Omega_P = 0Ω P\Omega_Pa xa_x∫ a xΩ P∈Q\int_{a_x} \Omega_P \in \Q(A x) P(A_x)_P(A x) P=∑ y∈[x]a x(A_x)_P = \sum_{y \in [x]} a_xe′(P)e'(P)A xA_x22∂X\partial X(∂C x) P=∑ y∈[x]c y(\partial C_x)_P = \sum_{y \in [x]} c_y22X¯\overline{X}22A xA_x∂X¯\partial \overline{X}C x cC_x^cH 2(X¯)=H 2(X)H_2(\overline{X}) = H_2(X)C n cC_n^cX˜\tilde{X}T n cT_n^cT nT_nX˜\tilde{X}C nC_nX˜\tilde{X}T nT_nH 2(X˜)H_2(\tilde{X})X˜\tilde{X}T n cT_n^cT nT_nj *H 2(X)j_{\ast} H_2(X)XX33e′(P)e'(P)T nT_nT n=T n∩X in+T n∩X outT_n = T_n \cap X^{in} + T_n \cap X^{out}22X˜\tilde{X}j *C¯ n=T n∩X inj_{\ast} \overline{C}_n = T_n \cap X^{in}22B n=T n∩X outB_n = T_n \cap X^{out}∂C n=−∂B n\partial C_n = - \partial B_nT n=j *C n c+B n cT_n = j_{\ast} C_n^c + B_n^c22X˜\tilde{X}B n cB_n^cB nB_ne′(P)e'(P)A nA_nC n cC_n^cj *C n cj_*C_n^cS PS_PX inX^{in}X outX^{out}T n=j *C n c+B n cT_n = j_*C_n^c + B_n^cT nT_nH 2(X˜)=j *H 2(X)⊕S PH_2(\tilde{X}) = j_*H_2(X) \oplus S_PT n c=j *C n cT_n^c = j_*C_n^cα\alphae(P)e(P)∂C x\partial C_x22AAAAP+T+ℳ(γ 0)P+ T +\mathcal{M}(\gamma_0)22MMPPTTΩ\Omegaℳ(γ 0)\mathcal{M}(\gamma_0)11C 1(T 2)C_1(T^2)T 2T^2kkSSYYkk|S||S|YYkkC k(Y)C_k(Y)33MMe′(P)e'(P)f∈SL(2,Z)f \in SL(2,\Z)33MM22T 2=W/Z 2T^2 = W/ \Z^2π:R×T 2→M\pi: R\times T^2 \to MT 2T^2ccccT 2T^2WW[α][\alpha]α\alphaT 2T^2xxyyWWxy¯\overline{xy}xxyyxy→\overrightarrow{xy}xy¯\overline{xy}α\alphaα\alphaz(x)z(x)s=0s=0α 0\alpha_0α\alphaPPP˜\widetilde{P}W→T 2W \to T^2Z 1(T 2,Q)Z_1(T^2,\Q)11P˜\widetilde{P}∫ PΩ=∫ P˜Ω∈Q\int_{P} \Omega = \int_{\widetilde{P}} \Omega \in \QAA22γ 0⊂T 2\gamma_0 \subset T^20022ℳ(γ 0)\mathcal{M}(\gamma_0)γ 0×[0,1]⊂T 2×R\gamma_0 \times [0,1] \subset T^2 \times RMMZ 1(T 2,Q)Z_1(T^2,\Q)fff −1(γ 0)f^{-1}(\gamma_0)f −1f^{-1}|tr(f −1)|Unknown character2|\tr(f^{-1})| >2det(f −1−I)=det(I−f)=tr(f)−2≠0\det(f^{-1} -I)= det( I - f) = \tr(f) -2 \neq 0N=det(f −1−I)N= \det(f^{-1} -I)[γ 0]∈H 1(T 2,Z)[\gamma_0] \in H_1(T^2,\Z)[γ 0]=N{(f −1−I) −1([α 0])}[\gamma_0] = N \{(f^{-1} - I)^{-1} ([\alpha_0]) \}11Z 1(T 2,Q)Z_1(T^2,\Q)γ 0∈[γ 0]\gamma_0 \in [\gamma_0]22ℳ(γ 0)\mathcal{M}(\gamma_0)Z 1(T 2,Q)Z_1(T^2,\Q)Z 1(T 2,Z)Z_1(T^2,\Z)h 1h_1h 2h_2π\piα 0\alpha_0γ 0\gamma_0T 2T^2c 1c_1c 2c_2WWc 1=Nh 1(0)c_1 = Nh_1(0)c 2=h 2(0)c_2=h_2(0)d∈Wd \in Wd=f −1(c 2)d =f^{-1}(c_2)WWT˜\widetilde{T}0,c 2,d0,c_2,dT˜\widetilde{T}22∂T˜=0c 2¯+c 2d¯−0d¯. \partial \widetilde{T} = \overline{0c_2} + \overline{c_2d} - \overline{0d}. TTT˜\widetilde{T}π\piπ\pic 2d¯\overline{c_2d}h 2h_20c 1¯\overline{0c_1}Nα 0N\alpha_0c 2d¯\overline{c_2d}Nα 0N\alpha_0Z 1(T 2,Z)Z_1(T^2,\Z)∂(ℳ(γ 0)+T)=f −1(γ 0)−γ 0+γ 0+α 0−f −1(γ 0)=Nα 0. \partial (\mathcal{M}(\gamma_0) + T ) = f^{-1}(\gamma_0) -\gamma_0 +\gamma_0 + \alpha_0 - f^{-1}(\gamma_0)= N\alpha_0. A 0=ℳ(γ 0)+TA_0 = \mathcal{M}(\gamma_0) +TZ 1(M,Z)Z_1(M,\Z)AAA=1N(NP+A 0)=P+1NT+1Nℳ(γ 0)A = \frac{1}{N} (NP + A_0) = P + \frac{1}{N}T + \frac{1}{N} \mathcal{M}(\gamma_0)MMZ 1(M,Q)Z_1(M,\Q)∂A=α. \partial A = \alpha. Ω\OmegaAAPPT˜\widetilde{T}T˜\widetilde{T}Ω\OmegaTTΩ\Omegaℳ(c)\mathcal{M}(c)11aabb33MMLk(a,b)=⟨A,b⟩\Lk(a,b) = \langle A,b \rangleAA22MMaabbMMAAMMaabbaabbbbssa,b∈H 1(T 2,Z)a,b \in H_1(T^2,\Z)aabbZ 2\Z^2T 2T^2aabbR×T 2R \times T^2MMa=a(0)=0×aa=a(0)=0 \times ab=b(eps)=eps×bb=b(\eps)= \eps \times bLk(a,b(ε))Lk(a, b(\epsilon))AAcc(f −1−I)(c)=a(f^{-1} - I) (c) =aM(c)M(c)22cc∂M(c)=(f −1−I)(c)=a\partial M(c) = (f^{-1} - I) (c) =a⋅\cdotMM⋅\cdot11ε×T 2\epsilon \times T^2⋅\cdot110×T 20 \times T^2⟨⋅,⋅⟩\langle \cdot, \cdot \rangleH 1(T 2,Q)H_1(T^2,\Q)f∈SL(2,Z)f \in SL(2,\Z)H 1(T 2,Z)H_1(T^2, \Z)11T 2T^2R 3R^3Lk(∂C n,∂C m)Lk(\partial C_n, \partial C_m)JxJxΛ W\Lambda_W(Jx,x)=0(Jx,x)=0u=kzxzp000u= \kzxz{\sqrt{p}}{0}{0}{0}W={kzxz0la−la′0;la∈K}≃KW = \{ \kzxz{0}{\la}{-\la'}{0};\; \la \in K \} \simeq KKK⟨la,μ⟩=1p(laμ′−la′μ)\langle \la, \mu \rangle = \frac{1}{\sqrt{p}} (\la \mu' - \la'\mu)N={n(la)=kzxz1la01}N= \left\{ n(\la)= \kzxz{1}{\la}{0}{1} \right\}μ∈K\mu \in Kn(la)μ=μ+⟨la,μ⟩un(\la) \mu = \mu + \langle \la, \mu \rangle u∂C μ\partial C_{\mu}Rμ={la∈K R;⟨la,μ⟩=0}R \mu = \{\la \in K_R; \; \langle \la, \mu \rangle =0 \}𝒪 K\mathcal{O}_Keps\epsU +U_+𝒪 K\mathcal{O}_Kffeps′\eps'd≡1(mod4)d \equiv 1 \pmod{4}m=1m=1C 1C_1x=1∈Kx =1 \in KC 1≃SL 2(Z)backhC_1 \simeq SL_2(\Z) \back \hmin′\min'⟨,⟩\langle\,,\, \rangleUU(p,q)(p,q)mmU=VU=VU=WU=WG=SO 0(U R)G = \SO_0(U_{R})KKD=G/KD=G/KcalS(U R)\calS(U_{R})U RU_{R}SL 2(R)SL_2(R)ω\omegaτ∈h\tau \in \hz∈Dz\in Dφ∈calS(U R)\varphi \in \calS(U_{R})SO(2)\SO(2)SL 2(R)SL_2(R)rrg′ τ∈SL 2(R)g'_{\tau} \in SL_2(R)φ 0(x)=φ(x)e π(x,x)\varphi^0(x) = \varphi(x) e^{\pi (x,x)}EEGGg z∈Gg_z \in Gz 0z_0DDz∈Dz \in Dφ∈[calS(U R)⊗E] K\varphi \in [\calS(U_{R}) \otimes E]^KEEKKU RU_{R}φ(x,z)\varphi(x,z)φ(x,τ,z)\varphi(x,\tau,z)x∈U,z∈D,τ∈ℍx \in U, z \in D, \tau \in \mathbb{H}VVGG𝔤=𝔨⊕𝔭\mathfrak{g}= \mathfrak{k} \oplus \mathfrak{p}𝔤\mathfrak{g}KK𝔤≃wwedge2V R\mathfrak{g} \simeq \wwedge{2} V_{R}X ij=e i∧e j∈𝔤X_{ij} = e_i \wedge e_j \in \mathfrak{g}𝔭\mathfrak{p}X ijX_{ij}1≤i≤21 \leq i \leq 23≤j≤43 \leq j \leq 4ω ij\omega_{ij}DDω 13∧ω 14∧ω 23∧ω 24\omega_{13} \wedge \omega_{14} \wedge \omega_{23} \wedge \omega_{24}GGDDVVφ 2\varphi_2calA 2(D)\calA^2(D)22DDGGφ 2\varphi_2φ 0(x):=e −π(x,x) 0\varphi_0(x) := e^{-\pi(x,x)_{0}}(x,x) 0=∑ i=1 4x i 2(x,x)_0= \sum_{i=1}^4 x_i^2DDφ 2\varphi_222ψ 1\psi_100ω(L)\omega(L)SL 2SL_2calS(V R)\calS(V_{R})ddDDh\hLLLLffh\hψ˜ 1\tilde{\psi}_1ψ˜ 1\tilde{\psi}_1x≠0x\ne 0ψ˜ 2,0 0(x)=ψ˜ 1(x)e π(x,x)\tilde{\psi}^0_{2,0}(x) = \tilde{\psi}_1(x) e^{\pi (x,x)}ψ˜ 1(x,z)\tilde{\psi}_1(x,z)ψ˜ 1\tilde{\psi}_1x∉Span[e 3,e 4] ⊥x \notin \Span[e_3,e_4]^{\perp}ψ˜ 1(x,z)\tilde{\psi}_1(x,z)xxz∉D xz \notin D_xψ˜ 1\tilde{\psi}_122ψ˜ 1(x,z)\tilde{\psi}_1(x,z)11D xD_xD xD_{x}ddDD(x,x)≤0(x,x)\leq 0φ 2(x)\varphi_2(x)Lψ˜ 1(x,τ)=ψ 1(x,τ)L\tilde{\psi}_1(x,\tau) = \psi_1(x,\tau)ψ˜\tilde{\psi}Orth(p,q)Orth(p,q)ψ\psiφ\varphir−2r-2rrψ˜\tilde{\psi}dψ˜=φd \tilde{\psi} = \varphiφ q\varphi_{q}ψ q−1\psi_{q-1}ψ˜\tilde{\psi}C xC_xWWW⊂VW\subset V(1,1)(1,1)VVWW𝔪≃R\mathfrak{m} \simeq RM=SO 0(W R)M = \SO_0(W_{R})X 23=e 2∧e 3X_{23} = e_2 \wedge e_3ω 23\omega_{23}D WD_WMMW RW_{R}(,)(\,,\,)D WD_Ws 0{\bf s}_0e 3e_3D W≃RD_W \simeq Rs=Spanx(s){\bf s} = \Span x(s)sss{\bf s}x∈Wx \in WD W,xD_{W,x}DDD W,x={s∈D;s⊥x}D_{W,x} = \{ {\bf s} \in D; \; {\bf s} \perp x \}s=D W,x{\bf s} = D_{W,x}(x,x(s))=0(x,x({\bf s})) =0s(x)=D W,x{\bf s}(x)=D_{W,x}WWφ 1,1\varphi_{1,1}W RW_{R}calA 1(D W)⊗W C\calA^1(D_W) \otimes W_{\C}MMφ 1,1\varphi_{1,1}22φ 1,1(x,s)\varphi_{1,1}(x,s)φ 1,1 0\varphi_{1,1}^0ψ 0,1\psi_{0,1}00ψ 0,1(x,s)\psi_{0,1}(x,s)ψ 0,1 0\psi_{0,1}^0ψ 0,1\psi_{0,1}−ψ 1,1−12Λ 1,1-\psi_{1,1} - \tfrac12 \Lambda_{1,1}φ 1,1\varphi_{1,1}ψ 0,1\psi_{0,1}ψ˜ 0,1\tilde{\psi}_{0,1}VVx∈Wx \in Wx=0x=0ψ˜ 0,1 0(x)\tilde{\psi}_{0,1}^0(x)ψ˜ 0,1 0(x,s)\tilde{\psi}_{0,1}^0(x,s)ψ˜ 0,1(x,s)\tilde{\psi}_{0,1}(x,s)D w,xD_{w,x}AABBD WD_WG(12,a)=∫ a ∞e −uu −1/2du\G(\tfrac12,a) = \int_a^{\infty} e^{-u} u^{-1/2} duG\Gs=1/2s=1/2BBD WD_WAAAABBD WD_WWWAABBC 2C^2WWA(x)−(1/2)x 2x 3|x 3|e −π(x,x)A(x)- (1/2) x_2 \frac{x_3}{|x_3|} e^{-\pi (x,x)}C 1C^1WWx 3=0x_3=0|x|x n|x|x^nC nC^nnUnknown character0n>0ψ˜ 0,1\tilde{\psi}_{0,1}D W,xD_{W,x}ψ˜ 0,1′\tilde{\psi}_{0,1}'A′(x)A'(x)B′(x)B'(x)WWB′(x)+12|x 3|e −π(x,x)B'(x) + \tfrac12|x_3|e^{- \pi (x,x)}C 2C^2WWC 2C^2MMA′(x)+12x 2x 3|x 3|e −π(x,x)A'(x) + \tfrac12 x_2 \frac{x_3}{|x_3|}e^{- \pi (x,x)}C 1C^1WWC 1C^1MMψ˜′ 0,1\tilde{\psi}'_{0,1}ψ˜ 0,1′(x,τ,s)=v −1/2m(s)ψ˜ 0,1′(m −1(s)vx)e πi(x,x)τ\tilde{\psi}_{0,1}'(x,\tau,s) = v^{-1/2} m(s) \tilde{\psi}_{0,1}'(m^{-1}(s)\sqrt{v}x) e^{\pi i (x,x)\tau}ψ˜ 0,1′(x)\tilde{\psi}_{0,1}'(x)D WD_WD W,xD_{W,x}τ\tauD W,xD_{W,x}ψ˜ 0,1(x)\tilde{\psi}_{0,1}(x)ψ˜ 0,1′(x)\tilde{\psi}_{0,1}'(x)D WD_W(x,x)Unknown character0(x,x)>0D W,x⊗xD_{W,x} \otimes x00D W,xD_{W,x}x∈Wx \in Wϕ 0,1\phi_{0,1}WWψ˜ 0,1\tilde{\psi}_{0,1}ψ˜ 0,1′\tilde{\psi}_{0,1}'WWϕ 0,1(x,s)\phi_{0,1}(x,s)B(x)+B′(x)B(x) + B'(x)C 2C^2WWC 2C^2MMA(x)+A′(x)A(x) + A'(x)C 1C^1WWC 1C^1MMX 23(B+B′)=−(A+A′)X_{23}(B + B') = -(A + A')WWxxϕ 0,1(x,s)\phi_{0,1}(x,s)C 1C^1D WD_WW CW_{\C}φ 1,1\varphi_{1,1}D WD_Wϕ 0,1\phi_{0,1}K′=SO(2)K'=\SO(2)22χ\chiSO(2)≃U(1)\SO(2) \simeq U(1)ϕ 0,1\phi_{0,1}B(x)+B′(x)B(x)+B'(x)B(x)+B′(x)B(x)+B'(x)ω(k′)\omega(k')B+B′B+B'L 1L^1ω(k′)(B+B′)\omega(k')(B+B')[ω(k′)(B+B′)]=χ 2(k′)[B+B′][\omega(k')(B+B')] = \chi^2(k')[B+B']K′K'x 2 2−x 3 2=0x_2^2-x_3^2=0BBB˜(x)\tilde{B}(x)−i4π□+πir 2\frac{-i}{4\pi} \square + \pi i r^2B˜(x)\tilde{B}(x)x 3=0x_3=0∂∂x 3Γ(12,2πx 3 2)=−22πsgn(x 3)e −2πx 3 2\frac{\partial}{\partial x_3} \Gamma(\tfrac12,2 \pi x_3^2) = - 2 \sqrt{2\pi} \sgn(x_3) e^{-2 \pi x_3^2}H[B]H[B]H[B′]H[B']BBB′B'C 2C^2|x 3|e −π(x 2 2−x 3 2)|x_3|e^{-\pi(x_2^2-x_3^2)}ffWWH[B+B′]=[H(B+B′)]=2i[B+B′]H[B+B'] = [H(B+B')]= 2i[B+B']ι P\iota_P𝔫≃W∧Ru∈⋀ 2V R≃𝔤\mathfrak{n} \simeq W \wedge R u \in \bigwedge^{2} V_R \simeq \mathfrak{g}WW(,)(\,,\,)𝔫 *≃W∧Ru′\mathfrak{n}^{\ast} \simeq W \wedge R u'ι P\iota_Pι P\iota_PNNcalS(W R)\calS(W_{R})e 2e_2e 3e_3WWι P\iota_P11w 2,w 3w_2,w_3WWw=w 2e 2+w 3e 3w=w_2e_2+w_3e_3ι P\iota_PWWφ 1,1 P\varphi_{1,1}^Pϕ 0,1 P\phi_{0,1}^Pψ 0,1 P\psi_{0,1}^Pψ′ 0,1 P{\psi'}_{0,1}^PWWcalL W\calL_WG P\G_PWWG N\G_NWWφ 1,1\varphi_{1,1}ψ 0,1\psi_{0,1}ϕ 0,1\phi_{0,1}θ φ 1,1(τ,calL W)\theta_{\varphi_{1,1}}(\tau,{\calL_W})θ ϕ 0,1(calL W)\theta_{\phi_{0,1}}(\calL_W)22SL 2(Z)SL_2(\Z)θ ϕ 0,1\theta_{\phi_{0,1}}ϕ 0,1\phi_{0,1}B+B′B+B'ϕ 0,1\phi_{0,1}C 2C^2WWX 23X_{23}A+A′A+A'ϕ 0,1\phi_{0,1}WWcalL W\calL_Wθ ϕ 0,1\theta_{\phi_{0,1}}Q\QVV22ι P\iota_PWWe′(P)e'(P)θ ψ 0,1 P\theta^P_{\psi_{0,1}}θ ϕ 0,1 P\theta^P_{\phi_{0,1}}ι P\iota_Pcc11e′(P)e'(P)∂C n\partial C_nc=∂C yc=\partial C_yC yC_yC nC_n∫ cθ ϕ P(τ,calL W P)\int_{c} \theta^P_{\phi}(\tau,\calL_{W_P})cce′(P)e'(P)ϕ 0,1=ψ˜ 0,1+ψ′˜ 0,1\phi_{0,1} = \tilde{\psi}_{0,1} + \tilde{\psi'}_{0,1}β(s)=116π∫ 1 ∞e −stt −3/2dt\beta(s) = \tfrac1{16\pi} \int_1^{\infty} e^{-st}t^{-3/2} dt𝒲(τ)\mathcal{W}(\tau)R 3R^3S 3S^3H 3H^3cc1133UUccβ\betaM−UM-UUU11cc11aaM−UM-UMMccccUUccη\etaccUUη\eta11ccη M\eta_Mη\etaMMη M\eta_M22MMcccc11β\betaMMdβ=η Md \beta = \eta_Mβ\betaccaa11M−UM -UMMAA∂A=a\partial A = aη M\eta_MVVaaUUη M−V\eta_{M-V}η M\eta_MM−VM-Vcc(M−V,∂(M−V))(M-V, \partial (M-V))β\betaM−UM-Uβ\betacc11e 2πnψ′˜ 0,1(n)e^{2 \pi n} \tilde{\psi'}_{0,1}(n)(∂C n) P(\partial C_n)_PPPe(P)e(P)F nF_n∂C n\partial C_nF xF_xc xc_xc xc_xD x∩e(P)D_x \cap e(P)e′(P)e'(P)nUnknown character0n>011e 2πnψ′˜ 0,1(n)e^{2 \pi n} \tilde{\psi'}_{0,1}(n)∂C n\partial C_ne′(P)e'(P)UUF nF_ncc11e′(P)e'(P)F nF_nc=c yc=c_yF xF_x∂C n\partial C_nccF nF_nc=c yc=c_ynUnknown character0n>0η\eta22e′(P)e'(P)F nF_nη=Ω P\eta =\Omega_PA nA_nΩ∧ψ′˜ 0,1(n)=0\Omega \wedge \tilde{\psi'}_{0,1}(n) =0Ω\Omega(0,2)(0,2)ψ′˜ 0,1(n)\tilde{\psi'}_{0,1}(n)(0,1)(0,1)e′(P)e'(P)η\etaη=dω\eta = d \omega11ω\omegaη\etaF nF_nc x+kuc_{x+ku}c xc_xF xF_x∫ a x+kuη=∫ c x+kuω=∫ c xω=∫ a xη\int_{a_{x+ku}} \eta = \int_{c_{x+ku}} \omega = \int_{c_x} \omega = \int_{a_x} \etaη\etax∈calL Wx \in \calL_Wx=μe 2x = \mu e_2μ=±2n\mu = \pm \sqrt{2n}∑ g∈G Mg *ψ′˜ 0,1(x)\sum_{ \g \in \G_M} \g^{\ast} \tilde{\psi'}_{0,1}(x)e′(P)e'(P)s=0s=0U eps=(−eps,eps)×T 2U_\eps= (-\eps,\eps) \times T^2e′(P)e'(P)F xF_xη∧ψ′˜ 0,1(x)=d(ω∧ψ′˜ 0,1(x))\eta \wedge \tilde{\psi'}_{0,1}(x) = d(\omega \wedge \tilde{\psi'}_{0,1}(x))U epsU_{\eps}g≠1\g \ne 1ω(s,w)∧ψ′˜ 0,1(g −1x,s,w)\omega(s,w) \wedge \tilde{\psi'}_{0,1}(\g^{-1}x,s,w)s=0s=0g=1\g=1T 2/c e 2T^2/ c_{e_2}c e 2c_{e_2}0×S 10 \times S^1T 2T^2ω 3\omega_3dw 3dw_3ω\omega∂D x\partial D_{x}w 3w_3WWω\omegac e 2c_{e_2}ω\omegaF xF_x∫ c e 2ω(0,w 2,w 3)\int_{c_{e_2}} \omega(0,w_2,w_3)w 2w_2(∫ T 2/c e 2dw 2)(∫ c e 2ω)e −πμ 2\left( \int_{T^2/ c_{e_2}} dw_2 \right)\left( \int_{c_{e_2}} \omega \right)e^{- \pi \mu^2}∫ c e 2ω=∫ A e 2η\int_{c_{e_2}} \omega = \int_{A_{e_2}} \etaW→RW \to Rw↦(w,e 2)w \mapsto (w,e_2)T 2/∂C e 2≃R/(min la∈Λ W′|(la,e 2)|)ZT^2/ \partial C_{e_2} \simeq R / (\min_{\la \in \Lambda_W}'|(\la,e_2)|)\Zcce′(P)e'(P)3311e′(P)e'(P)N(c)N(c)ccN(c)N(c)F nF_nη c\eta_c22N(c)N(c)11N(c)N(c)N(c)N(c)∫ e′(P)η c∧ψ′˜ 0,1(n)=∫ e′(P)ψ′˜ 0,1(n)∧η c\int_{e'(P)} \eta_c \wedge \tilde{\psi'}_{0,1}(n)= \int_{e'(P)} \tilde{\psi'}_{0,1}(n) \wedge \eta_cη=η c\eta = \eta_cV nV_nF nF_ne′(P)−V ne'(P) - V_nN(c)N(c)ψ′˜ 0,1(n)\tilde{\psi'}_{0,1}(n)e′(P)−V n⊃supp(η c)e'(P) - V_n \supset \supp (\eta_c)η c\eta_cη c\eta_ce′(P)−V ne'(P) - V_nPD(c)PD(c)cce′(P)−V ne'(P) -V_nccF nF_nc=c yc=c_yF xF_x∂C n\partial C_nx=μe 2x = \mu e_2cce 3∈We_3 \in Ws(x)=0s(x )=0e 3e_3(0,Re 3)(0,R e_3)e′(P)e'(P)ψ˜′ 0,1(x)\widetilde{\psi}'_{0,1}(x)s=0s=0cc∑ γ∈Γ Mγ *ψ˜′ 0,1(x)\sum_{\gamma \in \Gamma_M} \gamma^* \widetilde{\psi}'_{0,1}(x)xxc(ε)c(\epsilon)F nF_nc⊂F x⊂F nc \subset F_x \subset F_nc 1,⋯,c kc_1,\cdots,c_k∂C n\partial C_nF xF_xccc i,1≤i≤kc_i,1 \leq i \leq k∂C n\partial C_nccc i=cc_i = cLk(c,c)Lk(c,c)c ic_iccccc ic_iccc(eps)c(\eps)c ic_ic×[0,eps]c \times [0,\eps]c ic_ic ic_ie′(P)e'(P)Lk(c i,c(eps))= Lk(c i,c)\Lk(c_i, c(\eps)) =\ Lk(c_i, c)C n cC_n^cH 2(X)H^2(X)XXφ 2\varphi_2calL=L+h\calL = L+hn∈Qn \in \Qθ φ 2(τ,calL)\theta_{\varphi_2}(\tau,\calL)φ 2(n)\varphi_2(n)22XXθ φ 2(τ,calL)\theta_{\varphi_2}(\tau,\calL)τ\tau22G(N)\G(N)ℒ=L\mathcal{L} = Lθ φ 2(τ,calL)\theta_{\varphi_2}(\tau,\calL)G 0(d)\G_0(d)22η\etaXXδ h0\delta_{h0}ω\omegaDDω 13∧ω 14+ω 23∧ω 24\omega_{13}\wedge \omega_{14}+\omega_{23}\wedge \omega_{24}22G(N)⊂SL 2(Z)\G(N) \subset SL_2(\Z)CC22XXH 2(X,Z)H_2(X,\Z)Λ(C,τ)\Lambda(C,\tau)C 0C_0−12πδ h0[ω]-\frac{1}{2\pi}\delta_{h0} [\omega]nUnknown character0n>0φ 2(n)\varphi_2(n)C nC_nφ 2(n)\varphi_2(n)n≤0n \leq 0θ φ 2(calL V)\theta_{\varphi_2}(\calL_V)θ ψ 1(calL V)\theta_{\psi_1}(\calL_V)XXX¯\overline{X}i P *i_P^{\ast}e′(P)e'(P)X¯\overline{X}θ φ 2(calL V)\theta_{\varphi_2}(\calL_V)θ ψ 1(calL V)\theta_{\psi_1}(\calL_V)L=Zu+L W+Zu′L = \Z u + L_W + \Z u'h=0h=0t→∞t \to \inftyz=z(t,0,0)z=z(t,0,0)φ 0(x,z)=exp(−π[t −2y 1 2+2q(x′)+t 2y 1′ 2])\varphi_0(x,z) = \exp\left(-\pi[ t^{-2}y_1^2+ 2q(x')+t^2y_1'^2]\right)x=y 1u+x′+y 1′u′∈Vx = y_1u+x'+y_1'u' \in Vx′∈Wx' \in Wt→∞t \to \inftyθ(τ,ψ 1 V,calL V)\theta(\tau,\psi_1^V,\calL_V)y′=0y'=0L WL_Wtty 1y_1x′∈Wx' \in Wt→∞t \to \inftyθ φ 2(calL V)\theta_{\varphi_2}(\calL_V)X¯\overline{X}ψ˜ 0,1{ \tilde{\psi}_{0,1}}ψ˜ 0,1\tilde{\psi}_{0,1}XXXXψ˜ 2,0(n)\tilde{\psi}_{{2,0}}(n)φ 2(n)\varphi_2(n)x∈calL Vx \in \calL_Vn∈Qn \in \Q11XXnUnknown character0n>0C nC_n11e′(P)e'(P)ψ′˜ 0,1(n)\tilde{\psi'}_{0,1}(n)ϕ 0,1 P(n)\phi_{0,1}^P(n)11ψ˜ 1(n)\tilde{\psi}_{{1}}(n)e′(P)e'(P)PPℓ=Qu\ell=\Q ux=au+x W+bu′x = au + x_W + bu'z=(w,t,s)z=(w,t,s)(,) s(\,,\,)_sWWx∈calL Vx \in \calL_Vb≠0b \ne 0ψ˜ 1(n)\tilde{\psi}_1(n)t→∞t \to \inftyx W∈calL Wx_W \in \calL_Wx W+(a+h)u∈calL Vx_W +(a+h)u \in \calL_Va∈Za \in \Zh∈Q/Zh \in \Q/\ZcalL V∩u ⊥\calL_V \cap u^{\perp}∑ a∈Zψ˜ 1(x W+(a+h)u,z)\sum_{a \in \Z} \tilde{\psi}_1(x_W +(a+h)u,z)t→∞t \to \inftyw=0w=0s=0s=0a∈Za \in \Zk≠0k \ne 0k=0k=0ψ˜ 0,1(x W)\tilde{\psi}_{0,1}(x_W)x W=0x_W=0n=0n=022θ φ 2\theta_{\varphi_2}X¯\overline{X}θ φ 2\theta_{\varphi_2}∂X¯\partial \overline{X}φ\varphiφ 2\varphi_2ϕ\phiϕ 0,1\phi_{0,1}C •C^{\bullet}(θ φ 2(calL V),∑ [P]θ ϕ 0,1 P(calL W P))(\theta_{\varphi_2}(\calL_V), \sum_{[P]} \theta^P_{\phi_{0,1}}(\calL_{W_P}))22C •C^{\bullet}(θ φ,θ ϕ)(\theta_{\varphi},\theta_{\phi})[[θ φ,θ ϕ]][[\theta_{\varphi},\theta_{\phi}]]H 2(C •)H^2(C^{\bullet})[θ φ,θ ϕ][\theta_{\varphi},\theta_{\phi}]H c 2(X)H^2_c(X)[θ φ,θ ϕ][\theta_{\varphi}, \theta_{\phi}]Λ c\Lambda^c22X¯\overline{X}H 2(X¯)=H 2(X)H^2(\overline{X}) = H^2(X)[[θ φ,θ ϕ]][[\theta_{\varphi}, \theta_{\phi}]][θ φ,θ ϕ][\theta_{\varphi}, \theta_{\phi}]XXΛ c\Lambda^cτ\tau[θ φ,θ ϕ](τ)[\theta_{\varphi}, \theta_{\phi}](\tau)22η\etaX¯\overline{X}22G(N)⊆SL 2(Z)\G(N) \subseteq SL_2(\Z)CC22XXH 2(X¯,∂X¯,Z)H_2(\overline{X},\partial \overline{X},\Z)ω\omegaω\omega[θ φ,θ ϕ][\theta_{\varphi}, \theta_{\phi}]H 2(X˜)H^2(\tilde{X})j #:H c 2(X)→H 2(X˜)j_{\#}: H_c^2(X) \to H^2(\tilde{X})j *C n c=T n cj_{\ast} C_n^c = T_n^cω\omegaXXω\omegaCC[ω]=PD(C)[\omega] = \PD(C)ω\omegaPD(C)\PD(C)ω˜\tilde{\omega}N(C)N(C)CCXXω˜\tilde{\omega}N(C)N(C)ω˜\tilde{\omega}CCMMN(C)N(C)M=X˜M = \tilde{X}Λ\LambdaH 2(X)H_2(X)H 2(X)H_2(X)H 2(∂X)H_2(\partial X)θ φ 2\theta_{\varphi_2}j *H 2(X)≃H 2(X)/H 2(∂X)j_{\ast} H_2(X) \simeq H_2(X)/ H_2(\partial X)j *H 2(X)j_{\ast} H_2(X)∂X\partial XC yC_yC yC_y∂C y{\partial C_y}(C n c⋅C y)(C^c_n \cdot C_y)11C nC_nC yC_yC nC_nC yC_y∫ C yθ φ 2\int_{C_y} \theta_{\varphi_2}C yC_yC nC_nOrth(p,2)Orth(p,2)φ 2\varphi_2ψ˜ 1\tilde{\psi}_1ψ˜ 1(n)\tilde{\psi}_1(n)Lk(C n,C y)=∑ [P]Lk((∂C n) P,(∂C y) P)\Lk(C_n,C_y) = \sum_{[P]} \Lk((\partial C_n)_P, (\partial C_y)_P)∂C n\partial C_n∂C y\partial C_y∫ (∂C y) Pθ ϕ P(τ,calL W P)\int_{(\partial C_y)_P} \theta^P_{\phi}(\tau,\calL_{W_P})∂C y\partial C_ye′(P)e'(P)C yC_ye′(P)e'(P)A nA_nC n c⋅C yC_n^c \cdot C_yT n c⋅T mT^c_n \cdot T_m(T n⋅T m) X(T_n \cdot T_m)_X(T n⋅T m) ∞(T_n \cdot T_m)_{\infty}(T n⋅T m) X=(C n⋅C m) X(T_n \cdot T_m)_X = (C_n \cdot C_m)_X(T n⋅T m) X(T_n \cdot T_m)_X(T n⋅T m) X(T_n \cdot T_m)_X∫ C yθ φ 2(τ,calL V)\int_{C_y} \theta_{\varphi_2}(\tau,\calL_V)Λ c\Lambda^cC n cC_n^cnUnknown character0n>0φ 2(n)\varphi_2(n)C nC_nη\eta22η\etaη\eta22X¯\overline{X}φ 2\varphi_2(p,q)(p,q)nUnknown character0n>0C nC_nψ˜ 1(n)\tilde{\psi}_1(n)11XX22η\etaψ\psiψ˜ 1\tilde{\psi}_1ψ˜\tilde{\psi}ψ˜ 1\tilde{\psi}_1ψ˜ 1\tilde{\psi}_1ξ\xiOrth(p,2)Orth(p,2)Ξ(n)=∑ x∈calL nξ(x)\Xi(n) = \sum_{x\in\calL_n} \xi(x)C nC_ndd cξ=φ 2dd^c \xi = \varphi_2d c=14πi(∂−∂¯)d^c = \tfrac{1}{4\pi i}(\partial - \overline{\partial})d cξ=ψ˜ 1d^c \xi = \tilde{\psi}_1d cφ 0=−ψ 1d^c \varphi_0 = -\psi_1n∈Qn \in \QnUnknown character0n>0φ 2 c(n)\varphi_2^c(n)C n cC_n^cπ *ϕ 0,1 P(n)\pi^{\ast} \phi^P_{0,1}(n)VV∂X¯\partial \overline{X}ffVVtt11t=∞t=\inftyφ 2 c(n)\varphi_2^c(n)nn[θ φ,θ ϕ][\theta_{\varphi},\theta_{\phi}]XXη\etaX¯\overline{X}e′(P)e'(P)η P\eta_Pe′(P)e'(P)η P\eta_Pe(P)e(P)NNX¯\overline{X}θ φ 2\theta_{\varphi_2}nUnknown character0n>0C n cC^c_nψ˜ 1 c(n)\tilde{\psi}_1^c(n)11XX22X¯\overline{X}22η\etaX¯\overline{X}n≤0n\leq 0φ 2 c(n)\varphi^c_{2}(n)ψ˜ 2 c(n)\tilde{\psi}^c_{2}(n)n≤0n \leq 0C n c=∅C_n^c = \emptysetx=0x=0η\etaΞ(n)\Xi(n)T n cT_n^cX˜\tilde{X}XXXXPPρ T\rho_{T}calF\calFG\GDDtt11t≤Tt\leq T00T+1T+1ρ Tη\rho_T\eta(∫ C nη)e −2πn\left(\int_{C_n} \eta\right)e^{-2\pi n}T→∞T \to \inftyTTd(ρ Tη)=ρ T′(t)dt∧η+ρ Tdηd(\rho_T \eta) = \rho_T'(t) dt \wedge \eta + \rho_T d\etaρ T′(t)=0\rho_T'(t)=0[T,T+1][T,T+1]TTf≡1f \equiv 1ψ˜ 1(n)=π *ψ˜ 0,1(n)+O(e −Ct)\tilde{\psi}_1(n) = \pi^{\ast} \tilde{\psi}_{0,1}(n) + O(e^{-Ct})ϕ 0,1(n)=ψ˜ 0,1(n)+ψ˜′ 0,1(n)\phi_{0,1}(n) = \tilde{\psi}_{0,1}(n)+\tilde{\psi}'_{0,1}(n)ψ˜ 1(n)−fπ *ϕ 0,1(n)\tilde{\psi}_1(n) - f \pi^{\ast}\phi_{0,1}(n)−π *ψ′˜ 0,1(n)-\pi^{\ast} \tilde{\psi'}_{0,1}(n)η\etattη=Ω\eta = \Omegaη\etaω\omegaC n c=C n∐(−A n)C_n^c = C_n \coprod (-A_n)